Assumption: that there is a "Treaty." In reality, Dan 9 speaks of a covenant confirmed approx. 490 years after the Persian King Artaxerxes in approx. 456 BC. This brings us to the cross of Christ, where Jesus confirmed that the covenant under the Law of Moses was fulfilled in his eternal atonement for sin.
This was the view of the Church Fathers and of many Christian scholars through the centuries. Making this into a futuristic prophecy is a modern interpretation, and perhaps a few ancient isolated interpretations,
Then the church fathers and Christian scholars failed miserably at reading comprehension and interpretational ability.
There’s no possible way Daniel 9:27 is talking about Jesus and fulfilling the law.
In verse 26, Messiah is cut off, the city is destroyed by a prince that shall come, and he in verse 27 then makes a seven year covenant with many, that he breaks after 3.5 years by stepping into the temple stopping the sacrifices there, and that will be the abomination of desolation.
To whit:
Dan 9:26 And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined.
Dan 9:27 And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation, and that determined shall be poured upon the desolate.
I believe preterism to be erroneous in the extreme.
David Guzik commentary does a good job of refuting the preterist interpretation of the 79 weeks of Daniel:
2. (Dan 9:24 b) What will be accomplished in the seventy weeks.
To finish the transgression, to make an end of sins, to make reconciliation for iniquity, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal up vision and prophecy, and to anoint the Most Holy.
a. To finish the transgression: This means that transgression itself will be finished.
Taken literally this means establishing an entirely new order on earth, with an end to man’s rebellion against God.
i. “The culmination of appointed years will witness the conclusion of man’s ‘transgression’ or ‘rebellion’ against God -
a development most naturally entered into with the establishment of an entirely new order on earth. This seems to require nothing less than
the inauguration of the kingdom of God on earth.” (Archer)
b. To make an end of sins: Taking these words at face value,
this means not only the end of the guilt of sin, but an end of sin itself. It means to “seal up” or “restrain” sins.
This looks to a new, redeemed world.
c. To make reconciliation for iniquity: Man’s iniquity must be reconciled to God’s justice and holiness. This work was clearly accomplished at the cross.
d. To bring in everlasting righteousness: One might take this in an individual sense, but there have always been righteous individuals. Taking the statement at face value,
this means a new order of society brought in by the Messiah.
e. To seal up vision and prophecy: This speaks of both the ending and fulfillment of prophecy,
concluding the final stage of human history and culminating with the reign of the Son of God.
i. “It must include his enthronement.” (Archer)
f. To anoint the most holy: Taken at its simple, literal meaning, this refers to a place, not a person. There is a most holy place - the most holy place of the temple - that will be anointed and blessed.
g. Taken as a whole, Gabriel made a remarkable announcement to Daniel. He told him that each of these amazing things would happen within the period of seventy weeks.
i. Looking back in history,
we can only say this things have each been fulfilled if we ignore their plain, literal meaning and give them a “spiritual” meaning that ignores their plain meaning. Some like to say that these promises are fulfilled generally in the spread of the gospel over the centuries, but this ignores the plain and simple meaning of these words.
3. (Dan 9:25) The course and dividing of the seventy weeks.
Know therefore and understand, that from the going forth of the command to restore and build Jerusalem until Messiah the Prince, there shall be seven weeks and sixty-two weeks; the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublesome times.
a. From the going forth of the command to restore and build Jerusalem: Here Gabriel reveals to Daniel the starting point for the seventy-weeks prophecy. There was a command to restore and build Jerusalem in history that began this specific time period.
i. The Bible presents four possible decrees that might fulfill this description:
• Cyrus made a decree giving Ezra and the Babylonian captives the right to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the temple in 538 B.C. (Ezr 1:1-4 and Ezr 5:13-17)
• Darius made a decree giving Ezra the right to rebuild the temple in 517 B.C. (Ezr 6:6-12)
• Artaxerxes made a decree giving Ezra permission, safe passage, and supplies to return to Jerusalem to rebuild the temple in 458 B.C. (Ezr 7:11-26)
• Artaxerxes made a decree giving Nehemiah permission, safe passage and supplies to return to Jerusalem to rebuild the city and the walls in 445 B.C. (Neh 2:1-8)
ii. Only the last of these four decrees was a command to restore and build Jerusalem. The first three each focused on the temple, not on the street or on the wall.
b. Until Messiah the Prince, there shall be seven weeks and sixty-two weeks: Gabriel’s message to Daniel is simple and striking. 483 years - that is, 69 units of seven years - would pass from the time of the command recorded in Neh 2:1-8 until the appearance of Messiah the Prince.
i. Some say the 483 years were completed at Jesus’ birth (5 or 4 B.C.). There is little chronological support for this date.
ii. Some say the 483 years were completed at His baptism, at the beginning of Jesus’ ministry (if dated at 26 A.D.). This is possible if one begins with the earlier decree of Artaxerxes, and figures with our present measurement for years instead of the ancient measurement of years (360 days).
iii. Some say the 483 years were completed at the triumphal entry of Jesus (if dated at 32 A.D.). Sir Robert Anderson’s significant work The Coming Prince follows this argument in great detail.
• Anderson, using a 360-day year (which Israel used in Daniel’s day), calculates 173,880 days from the decree to the triumphal entry, fulfilling the prophecy to the day. “It is customary for the Jews to have twelve months of 360 days each and then to insert a thirteenth month occasionally when necessary to correct the calendar.” (Walvoord)
• The year 32 A.D. (based on Luk 3:1) for Jesus’ death is controversial (most chronologists favor 30 or 33 A.D.). But recent attempts have made some case for the date: “A recent article attempts to give credence to the date of A.D. 32; cf. R.E. Showers, Grace Journal, XI (Winter, 1970), pp. 30ff. The evidence presented is worthy of notice.” (Wood)
End of part one: