To simplify matters, "Bible Students" or JW's are theological cousins to the heresiarch Arius, who was refuted at the Council of Nicae. To reject the councils of the Church is to reject the infallibility of the Council of Jerusalem in Acts 15, the model of all future councils.
A little history for those not so acquainted.
The views that prevailed at Nicaea (
A.D. 324–325) are embodied in the Nicene Creed, a strictly Trinitarian statement. At the synod the
Trinitarians believed Christ’s generation was from eternity, so that he was co-equal—i.e., co-eternal with the Father— whereas the
Arians believed he had a beginning. The Trinitarians claimed the Son was derived of and from the Father, being of the same
identical essence and not merely of
similar essence, as the Arians thought. The Arians held that the Son was created by the power of God, out of nothing, and that he was the first created being ever. (20) The Council of Nicaea defined the Godhead (?) as the absolute unity of the divine essence and the absolute equality of the three persons.
By no means did Arius intend to lower the dignity of Christ by ascribing to him a beginning of existence. Indeed Arius attributed to him the greatest dignity that a being could have after God, without entirely ignoring the distinction between that being and God. Yet Athanasius, the leading spokesman for the Trinitarian view and perhaps Arius’s bitterest contemporary opponent, vilified him in different works with such statements as “
Arius the atheist,” “
He vomits forth the poison of impiety,” “
Arius the serpent that deceived Eve,” and so forth. In view of these slanders, Cardinal Newman’s observation is interesting:
“. . .
[that] the language of the Ante-Nicaea Fathers on the subject of our Lord’s Divinity, may be far more accommodated to the Aryan [sic] hypothesis than can the language of the Post Nicene, is agreed on all hands.” (21)
In the doctrinal dispute between Arius and Athanasius on the nature of Jesus and his relationship to the Father, it was the emperor Constantine who presided at the Council of Nicaea and decided in favor of Athanasius and the doctrine of the Trinity.
Although Constantine subsequently vacillated back and forth for a time, he ultimately rejected Arius and his views.
Thus it was Constantine, a supposed convert to Christianity, who made a decision that has had a profound effect upon Christianity down through the age to the present. However, his deeds negated his claim to be a Christian so that, in fact, it was a
worldly man who predominated at a council that decided a spiritual matter of great importance (
Matt. 7:15–20).
Mosheim says that “
Constantine’s life was not such as the precepts of Christianity required.”(22) “
The same year of his reign in which he convened the Council of Nice was polluted by the execution of his eldest son.”(23) He put to death his wife Fausta on a groundless suspicion; he cut off his brother-in-law Licinius and the unoffending eleven-year-old son of Licinius contrary to his plighted word. Moreover, the three sons who succeeded Constantine were sired of an adulterous woman. And Gibbon states that he degenerated “
into a cruel and dissolute monarch, corrupted by his fortune, or raised by conquest above the necessity of dissimulation. . . . The old age of Constantine was disgraced by the . . . vices of rapaciousness and prodigality. . . . Though he still retained the obedience, [he] gradually lost the esteem of his subjects.” (24)
In view of the foregoing facts, it is ironic that Catholicism, and to a large extent Protestantism, have venerated the memory of Constantine, of whom it is said, “
The gratitude of the Church has exalted the virtues and excused the failings of a generous patron who seated Christianity on the throne of the Roman World.” (25) The Greek Orthodox Church has even canonized him, adoring the memory of “
Saint” (?) Constantine.
When Arius died suddenly at Constantinople in the year 336 under “
strange and horrid circumstances”—in all likelihood he was poisoned by a conspiracy of his enemies— his opponents rejoiced. (26, 27) And thus the voice of this archenemy of orthodoxy was silenced.” (The Keys of Revelation, Pages 43, 44)
Thus we have the testimony of history, but what has the Lord to say about Arius?
“
And to the angel of the church in Pergamos (meaning “
earthly elevation”, the period in which the Papal system had its rise) write,
‘
These things says He who has the sharp two-edged sword: “I know your works, and where you dwell, where Satan’s throne is (Pagan Rome, later rechristened Papal Rome).
And you hold fast to my name, and did not deny my faith even in the days in which Antipas (Arius)
was my faithful martyr, who was killed among you, where Satan dwells.” (
Rev 2:12, 13)
Antipas: Anti, against,
papas, an earthly head; the pope: one who protests against the pope).
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20. When the aged Arius rose to speak in his own defense at the synod, he was struck in the face by one named Nicholas. Others soon ran out, thrusting their fingers into their ears in simulated horror at the old man’s supposed heresies.
21. John Henry Cardinal Newman, An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine (London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1885), p. 135.
22. Dudley, History of the First Council of Nicea, p. 26.
23. Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,Vol. 1, p. 258.
24. Ibid., p. 225.
25. Ibid., p. 258.
26. Ibid., p. 274.
27. Dudley, History of the First Council of Nicea, p. 86 footnote.