I don't have a background in Princeton Theology. It wouldn't help me out with the question, if you think about it! I have just been digging at this for 10 years on and off. I will try to assert essential facts first and save all theory for later.
Presbyterianism, as a Denominational Banner, is in sharp decline from the late 20th Century. There is a Uniting Church of Australia that has claimed two-thirds of the Presbyterian Church. True, they retain Synods, but in most ways notice this subordinate structure, no longer Presbyterian-named. There is a United Church of Canada similarly which is the largest church after Catholics that claimed many Presbyterians. There are 80 million Reformed heritage persons in the World, in which Presbyterians are strong members of that heritage. The only substantial presences in the world of Presbyterians, we'll note a foundational establishment in Scotland, places where their missionaries were allowed to be the cleanup crew in Africa during the Empire, the United States, and mission targets for Americans like Mexico, Brazil, or Korea. This mostly sums up the historical mission from Presbyterians. There are several millions 'currently' in any of these named locations, at a rough guess about 16 million Presbyterians.
There are several Denomination fragments in the United States. This is very important around the globe for the United States as an opinion leader. There are dramatic movements if we visit the Library for a US census. In 1950, there was a larger Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, I recall, 7 million. What's odd about this is, if I remember correctly, about the Same number of 7 Million existed far back in a 1920 denominational census. The two US major fragmented bodies today combined would form less than 3 million elderly and shrinking members.
How would we describe the concluded journey of Presbyterianism? They were an "alliance" member of the original Protestant Reformation described as early as 1500 to 1600. More charged "British" words include confederate, covenanter, or etc. They are Not the Product of the Government of Scotland. The historical concepts of a pressing need for Religion to be part of Government, for established Godly leadership, is one concept not rejected in their Reformation. This established branch by Scottish Government in 1560 formed a Church that wished to extend its influence. The Kingdoms of Scotland and England reached Settlement in Alliance in Protestant Reformation under Queen Elizabeth I which is 1558-1601. England would tend toward Romanist, returned Catholic practice by comparison, through the rest of history, including the Anglican Church. Action would be seen from the Presbyterian Church in the Killing Times or the Bishop War which were results of the successor, King James, imposing practices in Scotland. Noting that Queen Elizabeth's Government sought to Aid the Reformed Churches formation in Scotland, Netherlands, and even Huguenot France, while sometimes Rejecting to take the Crown of these countries, and Papal Bull Excommunication as a Calvinist, I find King James' words hollow that her "settlement was right adequate and finished" or that he followed her religious settlements in practice.
The Twenty Years War is a very direct Religious War around 1648, the Catholic Pro-Hapsburgs versus the Protestant or Reformed Anti-Hapsburgs in which would be the last of the separate Scottish Kingdom's military forays. Simultaneously was the English Civil War or an offshoot of this war. The Scottish Church, which is described as having taken over government, militarily supported the Parliament for the original Reformed Religion in the Kingdoms of Scotland, England, and Ireland. The Postulation of military aid included the formation of a universal Reformed theological Document, the Westminster Confession, still very touted today. The English Church would repeal this document later, despite Scottish good faith. The Scottish Church did end up on the wrong end of the stick late in the war against Reformed Puritans, no less, when Royalist theology prevailed, wishing to preserve King Charle's refuge in Scotland from beheading and execution. Oliver Cromwell's "God is King" Puritan motto was to be satiated.
The British however, as an identity, is very strongly tied between English and Scottish. Auld Lang Syne, mainly a verbal tradition in the English speaking world, concerning the special relation Scots have with each other alone, and an ancient Celtic heritage, whereas the Anglo-Saxon-Jute invaders of the 500 AD in Angland or England, have more northern German extraction. The Scots would become apart of the English Colonies with increased immigration with the Union of the Crowns, in 1702, after the failed Darien Scheme of Scotland becoming its own overseas power. All of Scotland was claimed to be bankrupt from it.
This is therefore my understanding of the beginning of overseas mission activity. Princeton University was a central Presbyterian Theological School created during the colonial period. Presbyterians tended to be on the right side of history concerning the American Independence War, as opposed to Anglican Church leaders,fleeing back across the ocean. Almost half of those signing Independence were Scots Presbyterians. Princeton received a portrait of George Washington they hang in halls today. The older motto was "Under God's Power She Flourishes", a tip of the hat to the Elizabethan era and the feminine issues of the Religious settlement, wherewith any struggling and forming Church was only too lucky to emerge unprosecuted under a wide-tent Monarchy of any sort, especially through the Protestant lineage or Anne Boleyne and to Queen Elizabeth, and all that sorted famous mess.
The Presbyterians solidly get the wrong end of warfare, its outside my choice to say, during the US Civil War. We have interesting historical Irish Union recruitment songs as each man sees himself by his heritage and also his State. However, formationally in Confederate Government is the Sovereign Character of States under an Almighty God that at the outset was meshing up with the Presbyterian Church. We can say the Original Puritan Colonists, the First Thanksgiving National Holiday 'reconciliation measure' by Abraham Lincoln, and other Puritan Reformed traditions, meshed up in a way to identify the Presbyterians with the original Puritans and First American Residents, in a move, that is largely irretrievable today, or, difficult to sort out. Not that Presbyterians shout South Will Rise Again and down with immigrants but the US Presbyterian Church began catering to a particular flock and motive of identification of Native-Born peoples of the Americas in a new US church. Some other incidences of this is the placement of Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson in religious figurehead. Both Anglican and Presbyterian Church properties seemed heavily persecuted post-war. As President Jefferson Davis named the "God of our Fathers" in the time of "Oliver Cromwell".
In fact, the next Presbyterian in office, Princeton scholar somehow still revered today by the Church, President Woodrow Wilson, was really a way for the country to re-unify with aging Confederate veterans. To be a Confederate was a political leaning on how states worked, as it was at the start of the country, not a declaration of sword and musket. He came in confronting New York Yankee abuses of labor in the New York Triangle Waistcoat Factory Fire. His most notable moves which he had no choice in, was Allowing the populace a new official anthem, Allowing the women's vote, while personally against all these and his family, he personally championed the "League of Nations", and the break up of the Austrian Hapsburg Empire for the native Baltics people, what a hilarious end for the Hapsburgs in WWI Austria.
Presbyterianism, as a Denominational Banner, is in sharp decline from the late 20th Century. There is a Uniting Church of Australia that has claimed two-thirds of the Presbyterian Church. True, they retain Synods, but in most ways notice this subordinate structure, no longer Presbyterian-named. There is a United Church of Canada similarly which is the largest church after Catholics that claimed many Presbyterians. There are 80 million Reformed heritage persons in the World, in which Presbyterians are strong members of that heritage. The only substantial presences in the world of Presbyterians, we'll note a foundational establishment in Scotland, places where their missionaries were allowed to be the cleanup crew in Africa during the Empire, the United States, and mission targets for Americans like Mexico, Brazil, or Korea. This mostly sums up the historical mission from Presbyterians. There are several millions 'currently' in any of these named locations, at a rough guess about 16 million Presbyterians.
There are several Denomination fragments in the United States. This is very important around the globe for the United States as an opinion leader. There are dramatic movements if we visit the Library for a US census. In 1950, there was a larger Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, I recall, 7 million. What's odd about this is, if I remember correctly, about the Same number of 7 Million existed far back in a 1920 denominational census. The two US major fragmented bodies today combined would form less than 3 million elderly and shrinking members.
How would we describe the concluded journey of Presbyterianism? They were an "alliance" member of the original Protestant Reformation described as early as 1500 to 1600. More charged "British" words include confederate, covenanter, or etc. They are Not the Product of the Government of Scotland. The historical concepts of a pressing need for Religion to be part of Government, for established Godly leadership, is one concept not rejected in their Reformation. This established branch by Scottish Government in 1560 formed a Church that wished to extend its influence. The Kingdoms of Scotland and England reached Settlement in Alliance in Protestant Reformation under Queen Elizabeth I which is 1558-1601. England would tend toward Romanist, returned Catholic practice by comparison, through the rest of history, including the Anglican Church. Action would be seen from the Presbyterian Church in the Killing Times or the Bishop War which were results of the successor, King James, imposing practices in Scotland. Noting that Queen Elizabeth's Government sought to Aid the Reformed Churches formation in Scotland, Netherlands, and even Huguenot France, while sometimes Rejecting to take the Crown of these countries, and Papal Bull Excommunication as a Calvinist, I find King James' words hollow that her "settlement was right adequate and finished" or that he followed her religious settlements in practice.
The Twenty Years War is a very direct Religious War around 1648, the Catholic Pro-Hapsburgs versus the Protestant or Reformed Anti-Hapsburgs in which would be the last of the separate Scottish Kingdom's military forays. Simultaneously was the English Civil War or an offshoot of this war. The Scottish Church, which is described as having taken over government, militarily supported the Parliament for the original Reformed Religion in the Kingdoms of Scotland, England, and Ireland. The Postulation of military aid included the formation of a universal Reformed theological Document, the Westminster Confession, still very touted today. The English Church would repeal this document later, despite Scottish good faith. The Scottish Church did end up on the wrong end of the stick late in the war against Reformed Puritans, no less, when Royalist theology prevailed, wishing to preserve King Charle's refuge in Scotland from beheading and execution. Oliver Cromwell's "God is King" Puritan motto was to be satiated.
The British however, as an identity, is very strongly tied between English and Scottish. Auld Lang Syne, mainly a verbal tradition in the English speaking world, concerning the special relation Scots have with each other alone, and an ancient Celtic heritage, whereas the Anglo-Saxon-Jute invaders of the 500 AD in Angland or England, have more northern German extraction. The Scots would become apart of the English Colonies with increased immigration with the Union of the Crowns, in 1702, after the failed Darien Scheme of Scotland becoming its own overseas power. All of Scotland was claimed to be bankrupt from it.
This is therefore my understanding of the beginning of overseas mission activity. Princeton University was a central Presbyterian Theological School created during the colonial period. Presbyterians tended to be on the right side of history concerning the American Independence War, as opposed to Anglican Church leaders,fleeing back across the ocean. Almost half of those signing Independence were Scots Presbyterians. Princeton received a portrait of George Washington they hang in halls today. The older motto was "Under God's Power She Flourishes", a tip of the hat to the Elizabethan era and the feminine issues of the Religious settlement, wherewith any struggling and forming Church was only too lucky to emerge unprosecuted under a wide-tent Monarchy of any sort, especially through the Protestant lineage or Anne Boleyne and to Queen Elizabeth, and all that sorted famous mess.
The Presbyterians solidly get the wrong end of warfare, its outside my choice to say, during the US Civil War. We have interesting historical Irish Union recruitment songs as each man sees himself by his heritage and also his State. However, formationally in Confederate Government is the Sovereign Character of States under an Almighty God that at the outset was meshing up with the Presbyterian Church. We can say the Original Puritan Colonists, the First Thanksgiving National Holiday 'reconciliation measure' by Abraham Lincoln, and other Puritan Reformed traditions, meshed up in a way to identify the Presbyterians with the original Puritans and First American Residents, in a move, that is largely irretrievable today, or, difficult to sort out. Not that Presbyterians shout South Will Rise Again and down with immigrants but the US Presbyterian Church began catering to a particular flock and motive of identification of Native-Born peoples of the Americas in a new US church. Some other incidences of this is the placement of Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson in religious figurehead. Both Anglican and Presbyterian Church properties seemed heavily persecuted post-war. As President Jefferson Davis named the "God of our Fathers" in the time of "Oliver Cromwell".
In fact, the next Presbyterian in office, Princeton scholar somehow still revered today by the Church, President Woodrow Wilson, was really a way for the country to re-unify with aging Confederate veterans. To be a Confederate was a political leaning on how states worked, as it was at the start of the country, not a declaration of sword and musket. He came in confronting New York Yankee abuses of labor in the New York Triangle Waistcoat Factory Fire. His most notable moves which he had no choice in, was Allowing the populace a new official anthem, Allowing the women's vote, while personally against all these and his family, he personally championed the "League of Nations", and the break up of the Austrian Hapsburg Empire for the native Baltics people, what a hilarious end for the Hapsburgs in WWI Austria.
