No, both the repentant thief AND Abraham are in
sheol, the grave, awaiting the resurrection
Then those who feared the Lord spoke to one another, And the Lord listened and heard them; So a book of remembrance was written before Him For those who fear the Lord And who meditate on His name.
Malachi gave this advice to his contemporaries, and probably few responded to get that individual blessing. Prophetically speaking, this is advice for the Holy Remnant class, who will be spared but in a different way than the Christian is spared. As God’s beloved Son, Jesus Christ faithfully served his Father, yet he died on the Cross. The question, therefore, is a study in itself. How did God “spare” Jesus? God gave him sustaining grace for that experience and for his faithfulness greatly rewarded him with the number two position in the universe for eternity. Thus the sparing of one as a new creature is different from the sparing of one from the standpoint of the old nature. When this prophecy is explained from the natural standpoint, it pertains to the Holy Remnant of Israel at this end of the age. When the prophecy is applied spiritually, the thought is that faithful Christians are blessed as new creatures, but they are not spared sickness, accidents, persecution, trouble, etc. Two proof texts that verse 16 can apply to the Holy Remnant in regard to a “book of remembrance” being written are the following.
- “At that time thy people shall be delivered, every one that shall be found written in the book” (Dan. 12:1).
- “And it shall come to pass, that he that is left in Zion, and he that remaineth in Jerusalem, shall be called holy, even every one that is written among the living in Jerusalem” (Isa. 4:3).
For the Christian, the spiritual application is very important. Hebrews 10:25,26 tells us not to forsake the “assembling of ourselves together, as the manner of some is; but exhorting one another: and so much the more, as ye see the [evil] day approaching. For if we sin wilfully after that we have received the knowledge of the truth, there remaineth no more sacrifice for sins.” In other words, there is a danger of Second Death if we cut ourselves off exclusively from fellowship. We are to look for spirituality and help through fellowship with others—although it is permissible to exercise some discrimination in our choices.
Let's look at the context of this verse 9
Therefore He says: “When He ascended on high, He led captivity captive, And gave gifts to men.” 9 (Now this, “He ascended”—what does it mean but that He also first descended into the lower parts of the earth? 10 He who descended is also the One who ascended far above all the heavens, that He might fill all things.) 11 And He Himself gave some to be apostles, some prophets, some evangelists, and some pastors and teachers, 12 for the equipping of the saints for the work of ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ.
Although Jesus ascended up on high, he was not absent from his Church. Just as Paul was physically absent from Ephesus, being under house arrest in Rome, but was writing a letter giving counsel and advice, so Jesus at his First Advent went into death and then was raised and ascended up on high, from where he counsels and assists his Church by giving apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors, and teachers to minister to their needs in his absence. These “gifts” have been given, and the Apostle Paul was subtly suggesting that he was one of these “gifts.” Stated another way, this very epistle was one of those gifts being channeled to the Ephesians. Paul made this point in a gentle and tactful manner. The objective of these ministries (and specifically Paul’s ministry) was to perfect the Church to achieve the pyramidal effect spoken of earlier (Eph. 1:10). All things will be gathered under Christ, who is under God. Paul’s saying that Jesus “ascended up far above all heavens” is an interesting expression. God dwells in “the heaven of heavens [plural]” (Deut. 10:14; 2 Chron. 6:18; Neh. 6:9). In addition to earth’s atmosphere, there are other universes and planes of being, but God resides in His heaven, far above all the others. Psalm 148:4 reads, “Praise him, ye heavens of heavens, and ye waters that be above the heavens.” Verse 11 lists the categories in a sequence of descending importance: apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors, and teachers. There were only 12 “apostles” (Rev. 21:14). “Evangelists,” are public expounders, having the ability to espouse the cause of Christ in a public manner. Being adept at public oration, these have far-reaching ministries that embrace other locales. They travel around and thus have more than just a local ministry with private witnessing. Philip was an evangelist and possibly also Apollos (Acts 21:8).
"When He opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of those who had been slain for the word of God and for the testimony which they held. 10 And they cried with a loud voice, saying, “How long, O Lord, holy and true, until You judge and avenge our blood on those who dwell on the earth?” 11 Then a white robe was given to each of them; and it was said to them that they should rest a little while longer."
These verses, describing the souls of those under the altar who were crying with a loud voice for the avenging of their shed blood, their death, clearly address the first incidence of murder recorded in the Old Testament (Genesis 4:3-11). In fact, a careful scrutiny of the Genesis account sheds considerable light upon the significance of the lesson embodied in the fifth seal. Back there Cain slew Abel; but here in the Apocalypse the analogy and enigma being presented are of a persecuting Church inflicting punishment upon a persecuted Church. In the distant past, the first-born Cain was moved with jealousy and envy against innocent Abel; in the Revelation account, the time-honored nominal Church is stirred with anger against what it considers to be a late-coming, dissident (though in reality a peace-loving) membership.
You'll notice that the voice and the blood of verse 10 bear a striking similarity to the voice and blood of Genesis 4:10. This voice is not to be taken literally as the anguished cry of the deceased is discerned in that both symbols (the voice and the blood) have a spiritual significance depicting retributory justice—i.e., justice which demands satisfaction and punitive judgment for a violation of life-rights. The blood at the bottom of the altar indicates a martyred class. Those who faithfully sealed their testimony in blood were in line to receive the crown of life.
The reward to be given to faithful Christians previously slain (by those in nominal churchianity possessing the murderous spirit of Cain) is here designated. The Abel class is assured that white vindication robes, are secured to all “slain for the word of God,” even to “every one of them” maintaining their integrity and sealing their testimony in “blood”—in death (verses 9 to 11a). All such will receive a better resurrection to life (Mark 8:35,36; Luke 9:24,25) and inherit a white (pure) nature in the spirit realm.