WPM has just made a wonderful Christian statement towards unity and friendship between those of different opinions, and I have nothing but respect for him for doing that. And I don't wish to risk being provocative in a time of friendship. I know already that we are friends, despite our differences on the Millennium. But here we go....
I think your explanation for Jewish rejection of Jesus is spot on, and well said. Perhaps we are in such agreement because I have similar views to your Partial Preterism. We both feel that the Romans played a central role in this conversation. The Jews thought they would obtain deliverance from Rome, the "4th Kingdom" of Dan 7. But Jesus failed to bring that deliverance, instead choosing to suffer the sins of Israel at the worst time in their history.
Jesus in fact said the Romans would bring this destruction "in this generation," as we read in his Olivet Discourse. Then Jesus indicated that great tribulation would erupt for the Jewish people in the form of exile, threatening their very extinction as a people.
This is where we may differ. You may think that the great tribulation of the Jewish People was in fact their destruction, or at the very least, a transition to the Church age, leaving Jewish tradition behind.
I actually believe that Jewish tradition about Messiah was correct, that he would bring a final deliverance and a final regathering for the Jewish People. It's just that, as you say, he had to die first, punish Israel, and then regather them after the whole world has had the same chance that the Jews had.
To answer your question, then, I think the purpose of a future Kingdom is to restore the Jewish People, and to bring peace for all the Christian nations on earth. I do believe, however, that the faithful saints of the past and present ages will be regathered simultaneous to the gathering of the Jews, and will be given to rule over the world.
Don't ask me how this all works out, with Jesus simultaneously gathering the Jews and gathering the saints for glory! I don't know, and don't have it all figured out. This is just my current opinion.
Thanks for your tolerance, brother. You are an exemplary Christian in my book, and differences of opinions and differing speculations don't matter half as much as living for Christ. Thank you! I welcome your comments and arguments, Semi-Preterist or Amillennial. :)