Romans 11 and the real Replacement Theology

[ewq1938]

So.... we have two spirits?

No, we have a spirit and a soul which are identical except in name.

Are both these spirits individually conscious?

They are the person inside the body. They are connected together and virtually inseparable so the concept of "individually" cannot apply to them.

 

[Zao is life]

I don't really feel like I've been corrected, although some of the scriptures are admittedly difficult to fully grasp. The word spirit in particular. Soul is easy. Soul is a living creature, but spirit is harder to nail down. For example, what is "the spirit of Christmas"? It's a feeling, an attitude, a vibe, and I think that oftentimes this is what's meant in scripture as well. Like when Paul says "May you stand fast in one spirit" (Philippians 1:27). However, when John says in John 3:8 "everyone who is born of the spirit", this is a little more difficult to explain, though he's clearly referring to those who are in Christ, but I struggle to wrap a clear and concise definition around the word in this context.

The word gennáō makes it obvious that Jesus (not John) is referring to being born [gennao] of the Holy Spirit of God | Christ in John 3:8.

[StrongsGreek] 01080
γεννάω gennáō, ghen-nah'-o
from a variation of 1085;
to procreate (properly, of the father, but by extension of the mother); figuratively, to regenerate:--bear, beget, be born, bring forth, conceive, be delivered of, gender, make, spring.

John 8
3 Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except a man be born again [ánōthen], he cannot see the kingdom of God.

[StrongsGreek] 00509
ἄνωθεν ánōthen, an'-o-then
from 507;
from above; by analogy, from the first; by implication, anew:--from above, again, from the beginning (very first), the top.

We are not begotten a second time by our own spirit or soul:

6 That which is born of the flesh [sárx] is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit (o. pneuma) is spirit. (o. pneuma)

[StrongsGreek] 04561
σάρξ sárx, sarx
probably from the base of 4563;
flesh (as stripped of the skin), i.e. (strictly) the meat of an animal (as food), or (by extension) the body (as opposed to the soul (or spirit), or as the symbol of what is external, or as the means of kindred), or (by implication) human nature (with its frailties (physically or morally) and passions), or (specially), a human being (as such):--carnal(-ly, + -ly minded), flesh(-ly).

If you are able to discern by the context that Jesus is referring to physical birth in the first instance and spiritual birth in the second instance in John 3:3-8 (which you are able to as you have stated), then you will be able to discern by the context in each and every mention of the word pneuma or "spirit" in the New Testament whether it's speaking about the Spirit of God, or the soul/spirit of the person or something else, for example:

Philippians 1
27 Only let your conversation be as it becomes the gospel of Christ: that whether I come and see you, or else be absent, I may hear of your affairs, that all of you stand fast IN one spirit, (o. pneuma) with one mind [psychḗ] striving together for the faith of the gospel;

The word "IN" and the word "ONE", and the distinction between spirit and mind made in the above verse - especially bearing in mind that the word psychḗ is used interchangeably for the life, the mind and the soul of people in the New Testament and nothing else - should help you to discern the fact that in the above verse, the word spirit is referring to the same spirit as in the verses below:

Ephesians 4
2 with all lowliness and meekness, with long-suffering, forbearing one another in love,
3 endeavoring to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace.
4 There is one body and one Spirit, even as you are called in one hope of your calling,
5 one Lord, one faith, one baptism,
6 one God and Father of all, who is above all and through all and in you all.

1 Corinthians 6
17 But he being joined to the Lord is one spirit.

Ephesians 2
18 For through Him we both have access by one Spirit to the Father.

1 Corinthians 12
13 For also by one Spirit we are all baptized into one body, whether Jews or Greeks, whether bond or free, even all were made to drink into one Spirit.

John 4
24 God is a Spirit: (o. pneuma) and they that worship him must worship him in spirit (o. pneuma) and in truth.

Philippians 1
27 Only let your conversation be as it becomes the gospel of Christ: that whether I come and see you, or else be absent, I may hear of your affairs, that all of you stand fast IN one spirit, (o. pneuma) with one mind [psychḗ] striving together for the faith of the gospel;

There is a distinction made between the spirit and the mind in Philippians 1:27. The spirit is referring to unity in the Spirit of God/Christ, and the mind is referring to unity of people in purpose and in understanding and in reason. The context should teach you this fact. It's not that difficult to understand.

Always look at the context to see whose spirit is being spoken about. Here are some more examples:-

1 John 4
1 Beloved, believe not every spirit, (o. pneuma) but try the spirits (o. pneuma) whether they are of God: because many false prophets are gone out into the world.

Revelation 13
15 And he had power to give life (o. pneuma) unto the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak, and cause that as many as would not worship the image of the beast should be killed.

Not a human spirit. Not God's spirit.

Revelation 16
13 And I saw three unclean spirits (o. pneuma) like frogs come out of the mouth of the dragon, and out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet.

Not human spirits. Not the Spirit of God.

Can you see now how clear by the context it is whose spirit or which spirit is being spoken about?

1 Peter 3
18 For Christ also has once suffered for sins, the just for the unjust, that he might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh, but quickened by the Spirit: (o. pneuma)
19 By which also he went and preached unto the spirits (o. pneuma) in prison.

1 Peter 3
3 Whose adorning let it not be that outward adorning of braiding the hair, and of wearing of gold, or of putting on of apparel;
4 But let it be the hidden man of the heart, in that which is not corruptible, even the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit, (o. pneuma) which is in the sight of God of great price.

Hebrews 12
23 To the general assembly and church of the firstborn, which are written in heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits (o. pneuma) of just men made perfect.

Hebrews 12
9 Furthermore we have had fathers of our flesh which corrected us, and we gave them reverence: shall we not much rather be in subjection unto the Father of spirits, (o. pneuma) and live?

Here's one that could seem unclear:

James 2
26 For as the body without the spirit (o. pneuma) is dead, so faith without works is dead also.

It's the Spirit of Christ that produces the fruit of the Spirit (works) - BUT the body with the human spirit/soul is dead.

 

[Peterlag]

No, we have a spirit and a soul which are identical except in name.



They are the person inside the body. They are connected together and virtually inseparable so the concept of "individually" cannot apply to them.

Here's a few fragment verses on the spirit and none of them mean soul...

Romans
serve with my spirit in the gospel of his Son
love of God is shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Ghost
serve in newness of spirit
in Christ Jesus who walk not after the flesh but after the Spirit
they that are after the Spirit the things of the Spirit
in the Spirit if so be that the Spirit of God dwell in you
the Spirit is life because of righteousness
if the Spirit of him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you
shall also quicken your mortal bodies by his Spirit that dwelleth in you
if ye through the Spirit do mortify the deeds of the body
For as many as are led by the Spirit of God they are the sons of God
ye have received the Spirit of adoption
The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit that we are the children
ourselves also which have the firstfruits of the Spirit
the Spirit also helpeth our infirmities
the Spirit itself maketh intercession for us
he that searcheth the hearts knoweth what is the mind of the Spirit
fervent in spirit serving the Lord
1 Corinthians
in demonstration of the Spirit and of power
God hath revealed them unto us by his Spirit
the Spirit searcheth all things yea the deep things of God
have received not the spirit of the world but the spirit which is of God
the Spirit of God dwelleth in you
no man speaking by the Spirit of God calleth Jesus accursed
no man can say that Jesus is the Lord but by the Holy Ghost
the manifestation of the Spirit
For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body
and have been all made to drink into one Spirit

 

[BreadOfLife]

My point had to be for a reason, but since you pulled a statement I made out of context probably when I was responding to someone else is why I don't know what my point was. Mostly when I say something like that it's because so many Christians believe the entire Bible is written directly to them, the Church of God. There is nothing in the Bible to indicate such thinking, and I would like to add nothing could be further from the truth. It's true the Word of God was written for everyone for all time, and it's for our learning because it contains what everyone should know. That does not mean every part of it is addressed to everyone in this time, because the subject matter was written either to the Jews, to the Gentiles, or to the Church of God (1 Corinthians 10:32). Now if you're Catholic then you probably believe the gospels were written to Christians even though Christians did not exist until the book of Acts.

I think you’re confused.

Although the birth of the Christian Church was described in Acts 2 – the historical consensus is that the letters of Paul were written first (around 48-64 AD).

These letters WERE written to Christians. Acts of the Apostles, written by Luke didn’t come until AGTER the first Gospel was written, which is widely accepted as the Gospel of Mark.

 

[Peterlag]

I think you’re confused.

Although the birth of the Christian Church was described in Acts 2 – the historical consensus is that the letters of Paul were written first (around 48-64 AD).

These letters WERE written to Christians. Acts of the Apostles, written by Luke didn’t come until AGTER the first Gospel was written, which is widely accepted as the Gospel of Mark.

You are missing the point which is not when the books were written. But what is there subject matter. The data in the gospels refers to those who lived before there were Christians.

 

[Zao is life]

Here's a few fragment verses on the spirit and none of them mean soul...

Romans
serve with my spirit in the gospel of his Son
love of God is shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Ghost
serve in newness of spirit
in Christ Jesus who walk not after the flesh but after the Spirit
they that are after the Spirit the things of the Spirit
in the Spirit if so be that the Spirit of God dwell in you
the Spirit is life because of righteousness
if the Spirit of him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you
shall also quicken your mortal bodies by his Spirit that dwelleth in you
if ye through the Spirit do mortify the deeds of the body
For as many as are led by the Spirit of God they are the sons of God
ye have received the Spirit of adoption
The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit that we are the children
ourselves also which have the firstfruits of the Spirit
the Spirit also helpeth our infirmities
the Spirit itself maketh intercession for us
he that searcheth the hearts knoweth what is the mind of the Spirit
fervent in spirit serving the Lord
1 Corinthians
in demonstration of the Spirit and of power
God hath revealed them unto us by his Spirit
the Spirit searcheth all things yea the deep things of God
have received not the spirit of the world but the spirit which is of God
the Spirit of God dwelleth in you
no man speaking by the Spirit of God calleth Jesus accursed
no man can say that Jesus is the Lord but by the Holy Ghost
the manifestation of the Spirit
For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body
and have been all made to drink into one Spirit

and in my previous post I listed some verses that speak of the spirit of humans, and some that speak of demonic spirits.

You list only the verses that speak of the Spirit of God (as though that proves your point )

 

[BreadOfLife]

You are missing the point which is not when the books were written. But what is there subject matter. The data in the gospels refers to those who lived before there were Christians.

This is like a bad version of “Who’s on First?” . . .

This argument started back in post #74, when YOU stated:
“Holy Smokes there's a lot of Catholics on here.”

On post # 892, I responded with:
“Why wouldn't there be? We've been around longer than any other Christian group.”

Your entire argument after this point has been totally irrelevant to what we were discussing.
When you have a point - let me know . . .

 

[Timtofly]

And how do you explain the difference between "spirit" and "soul"?

The soul is who you are. The spirit is put on over the body.

 

[Peterlag]

This is like a bad version of “Who’s on First?” . . .

This argument started back in post #74, when YOU stated:
“Holy Smokes there's a lot of Catholics on here.”

On post # 892, I responded with:
“Why wouldn't there be? We've been around longer than any other Christian group.”

Your entire argument after this point has been totally irrelevant to what we were discussing.
When you have a point - let me know . . .

I'm responding to what you are saying to me. If you want a different point. Then say something different and I will comment on it.

 

[Peterlag]

and in my previous post I listed some verses that speak of the spirit of humans, and some that speak of demonic spirits.

You list only the verses that speak of the Spirit of God (as though that proves your point )

It does prove my point because there are no verses that speak of the spirit of humans. Like most Greek words there are many meanings. The same word used for spirit is sometimes used for soul but that does not mean there's a spirit of humans.

 

[Timtofly]

Unfortunately scripture doesn't provide any reasoning why the two have their own names or why we need two of something that is essentially two of the same thing with no provided differences between them. It's kind of like having a two headed coin, the same on both sides yet one side is not the other side technically.

So Paul was saying in this verse: 1 Thessalonians 5:23

"And the very God of peace sanctify you wholly; and I pray God your whole spirit and soul and soul and spirit and body be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ."

You all are confusing air that is used a lot in Scripture with your eternal spirit, that is not mentioned that much in Scripture. You are not even connected to your spirit, because you are spiritually dead. You are not dead in regards to the air you breathe. God does not want the air in your lungs to be blameless before God, although modern cigarette usage does come to mind.

You have the Holy Spirit on loan until the day of redemption. That is your connection to God, until you are fully restored as a son of God, soul, body, and spirit.

The body does not become spiritual. The soul puts on both a body and a spirit.

Prior to the Cross, the OT redeemed waited just as a soul, without a body and a spirit. After the Cross all redeemed have put on a body over the soul. At the Second Coming, the entire church is glorified; the putting on of the spirit.

 

[Zao is life]

It does prove my point because there are no verses that speak of the spirit of humans. Like most Greek words there are many meanings. The same word used for spirit is sometimes used for soul but that does not mean there's a spirit of humans.

It does not prove your point because the New Testament speaks about the spirit of humans, and it uses the words pneuma and psyche (spirit/soul) interchangeably. In the New Testament the soul of humans = the spirit of humans. The context always shows whether the New Testament is speaking of the human spirit, or the Holy Spirit, or of demonic spirits whenever it uses the word pneuma.

Your interpretation of scripture is so selective that it stands out like a 100 floors building on a plain with nothing else around it.

 

[Peterlag]

It does not prove your point because the New Testament speaks about the spirit of humans, and it uses the words pneuma and psyche (spirit/soul) interchangeably. In the New Testament the soul of humans = the spirit of humans. The context always shows whether the New Testament is speaking of the human spirit, or the Holy Spirit, or of demonic spirits whenever it uses the word pneuma.

Your interpretation of scripture is so selective that it stands out like a 100 floors building on a plain with noting else around it.

Here's a list of how spirit is used in Acts. Tell me which one means the spirit of humans...

Acts
ye shall be baptized with the Holy Ghost
ye shall receive power after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you
they were all filled with the Holy Ghost
I will pour out in those days of my Spirit
receive the gift of the Holy Ghost
Then Peter filled with the Holy Ghost
and they were all filled with the Holy Ghost
full of the Holy Ghost and wisdom
Stephen a man full of faith and of the Holy Ghost
the wisdom and the spirit by which he spake
being full of the Holy Ghost
that they might receive the Holy Ghost
they received the Holy Ghost
be filled with the Holy Ghost
comfort of the Holy Ghost
the Spirit said unto him
the Holy Ghost fell on all them which heard the word
the Spirit bade me go with them
the Holy Ghost fell on them
full of the Holy Ghost and of faith
Agabus signified by the Spirit
filled with the Holy Ghost
the disciples were filled with joy and with the Holy Ghost
giving them the Holy Ghost
Paul was pressed in the spirit
instructed in the way of the Lord and being fervent in the spirit
Have ye received the Holy Ghost
the Holy Ghost came on them
Paul purposed in the spirit
bound in the spirit
who said to Paul through the Spirit
were not able to resist the wisdom and the spirit by which he spake
Stephen calling upon God and saying Lord Jesus receive my spirit
while Paul waited for them at Athens his spirit was stirred in him
was instructed in the way of the Lord and being fervent in the spirit

 

[Freedm]

It is not confusing to me and I never asked someone about their Christmas spirit. But I am an expert on the spirit of Christ and have detail files on it. Here's a paragraph...

I was taught God or Christ was showing me something when I walk by the spirit. Maybe it's the spirit showing me something when I walk by the spirit. In Romans 8:4, it's suggesting we walk after or by this spirit. In Romans 8:9, it calls this spirit the spirit of Christ. In Romans 8:11, it calls this spirit the spirit of Him that raised up Jesus from the dead and that it dwells in us. In 1 Corinthians 3:16, it calls it the spirit of God that dwells in us. In Galatians 4:6, it's called the spirit of his son. And in Galatians 5:16, it talks about walking in this spirit. Very few Christians know who they are in the spirit because most of us have been taught by our religious leaders that we are sinners by nature.

So, since you are an expert on the Spirit of Christ, how do you define it? What is it?

 

[Freedm]

No, we have a spirit and a soul which are identical except in name.



They are the person inside the body. They are connected together and virtually inseparable so the concept of "individually" cannot apply to them.

That's all very confusing. You say spirit and soul are synonyms, but they're not the same thing. So essentially we have two spirits, or two souls, and we call one of them spirit, and the other one soul. They are separate, but inseparable. They are "the person inside the body" but we have to have two distinct names for this one person?

And all of this makes sense to you? You think this sounds logical?

 

[ewq1938]

So essentially we have two spirits, or two souls, and we call one of them spirit, and the other one soul. They are separate, but inseparable.

They are not separate. They simply have two names but everything else is identical.

They are "the person inside the body" but we have to have two distinct names for this one person?

Plus whatever name they had as a whole person. Add in possible nicknames and this one person has a lot of names.

And all of this makes sense to you? You think this sounds logical?

It's the facts. What may not sound logical to one person doesn't mean anything. If you disagree, show evidence like I did. I have proven they share the same definitions through at least 3 different languages and have shown they are used interchangeably in the bible. That's how something is properly proven.

 

[Peterlag]

So, since you are an expert on the Spirit of Christ, how do you define it? What is it?

I like the NIV on this verse...

2 Corinthians 5:17
Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, the new creation has come: The old has gone, the new is here!

We are taught "to be in the spirit" means to walk upright in our flesh or to have our flesh in fellowship with God. So we read right over the many verses such as Peter and John were filled with the spirit. Or "that we might be made the righteousness of God in him" 2 Corinthians 5:21. Romans talks about no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus. Christians everywhere do not seem to understand the words "in him" or "in Christ" or "filled with the spirit." We can't see ourselves walking by the spirit because we are taught that the operations of the spirit are things we operate through our flesh. They are not the manifestations of you. They are of the spirit. We are also taught that we are sinners and this is another reason why we can't see the spirit as long as we see ourselves as a piece of trash. To see it we have to see ourselves as the righteousness of God in him.

I live by the faith of the Son of God...

If Paul in Galatians 2:20 says he's crucified in the flesh. But he still lives, but not him, but Christ. Then I gotta think he's referring to the Christ within. The new nature. And that is the spirit of Christ. Which we can shorten to spirit. Then it's the faith from the spirit. Well, one of the operations or manifestations of the spirit is faith.

2 Corinthians 5:17
Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new.

It's not the body, but the spirit that has become a new creature. In other words, it's in the spirit that we have become a brand-new species because our spirit is totally new and therefore there is not an old sin nature left in us. We undergo a miraculous exchange at the center of our being once we have the spirit of Christ. Who we were in Adam is no longer there. We become a new person because we are now a child of God who is in Christ. The key event causing this exchange is a death, burial, and resurrection with Christ. This miraculous exchange is not figurative or symbolic, but literal and actual.

The spiritual part of every Christian has literally and actually been crucified, buried, and raised with Christ. The fact that this occurs spiritually and not physically doesn’t make it any less real. So what happens to the old self that was in Adam? The old self is entirely obliterated once the spirit of Christ enters the Christian. I know this comes as a complete shock to many of you who have been indoctrinated in the-old-nature-versus-the-new-nature theology. Most Christians have been taught to believe that after salvation, they are still the same at their core, and they live the rest of their lives trying to restrain this old nature. They believe they have two natures.

Romans 6:2
How shall we, that are dead to sin, live any longer therein?

The Christians of today believe they are alive to sin and it's with much effort, frustration, and failure that they battle this sin nature the rest of their lives. It now seems clear to me that this concept of what the Christians believe today is not what the Scriptures teach.

Romans 6:3
Know ye not, that so many of us as were baptized into Jesus Christ were baptized into his death?

We experience a death to our old sin nature once we are baptized into Christ. It’s dead and gone because it does not exist anymore. We become totally new in our spirit when we are born again, and this is how our old nature has been completely changed. Our minds are similar to computers in the sense they can be programmed, and once programmed, they will continue to function as programmed until we reprogram them. And this is what Romans is talking about when it states we should renew our minds. Our old sin nature programmed our minds how to walk by the flesh when we were born in sin.

2 Corinthians 5:17
Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new.

It’s not in the process of becoming new because it’s already as pure and perfect as it can be.

1 Corinthians 6:17
But he that is joined unto the Lord is one spirit.

Ephesians 4:24
And that ye put on the new man, which after God is created in righteousness and true holiness.

1 John 4:17
Herein is our love made perfect, that we may have boldness in the day of judgment: because as he is, so are we in this world.

Romans 6:5-6
For if we have been planted together in the likeness of his death, we shall be also in the likeness of his resurrection.

Knowing this, that our old man is crucified with him, that the body of sin might be destroyed, that henceforth we should not serve sin.

This is not something that has yet to happen or has to happen over and over. It’s a done deal because in our new, born-again spirit, we are dead to sin.

 

[Zao is life]

Here's a list of how spirit is used in Acts. Tell me which one means the spirit of humans...

Acts
ye shall be baptized with the Holy Ghost
ye shall receive power after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you
they were all filled with the Holy Ghost
I will pour out in those days of my Spirit
receive the gift of the Holy Ghost
Then Peter filled with the Holy Ghost
and they were all filled with the Holy Ghost
full of the Holy Ghost and wisdom
Stephen a man full of faith and of the Holy Ghost
the wisdom and the spirit by which he spake
being full of the Holy Ghost
that they might receive the Holy Ghost
they received the Holy Ghost
be filled with the Holy Ghost
comfort of the Holy Ghost
the Spirit said unto him
the Holy Ghost fell on all them which heard the word
the Spirit bade me go with them
the Holy Ghost fell on them
full of the Holy Ghost and of faith
Agabus signified by the Spirit
filled with the Holy Ghost
the disciples were filled with joy and with the Holy Ghost
giving them the Holy Ghost
Paul was pressed in the spirit
instructed in the way of the Lord and being fervent in the spirit
Have ye received the Holy Ghost
the Holy Ghost came on them
Paul purposed in the spirit
bound in the spirit
who said to Paul through the Spirit
were not able to resist the wisdom and the spirit by which he spake
Stephen calling upon God and saying Lord Jesus receive my spirit
while Paul waited for them at Athens his spirit was stirred in him
was instructed in the way of the Lord and being fervent in the spirit

Give each verse reference the way any adult to adult conversation would go.

while Paul waited for them at Athens his [autós] spirit was stirred in him.

The word autós in the above verse means this: While Paul waited for them at Athen's, Paul's spirit was stirred in him.

The word autós always refers back to the subject that was introduced. The subject was Paul, the person whose spirit is being referred to.

Your question based on your entire argument to this point implies that you are claiming that the verse is referring to God's Spirit.

Not God's Spirit. Paul's spirit (though there is no doubt that Paul's spirit was in fellowship with the Holy Spirit).

Stephen calling upon God and saying Lord Jesus receive my [egṓ] spirit.

[StrongsGreek] 01473
ἐγώ egṓ, eg-o'
a primary pronoun of the first person I (only expressed when emphatic)
:--I, me. For the other cases and the plural see 1691, 1698, 1700, 2248, 2249, 2254, 2257, etc.

Not God's Spirit. Stephen's own human spirit. Again, your question based on your entire argument to this point implies that you are claiming that Stephen was referring God's Spirit, as though God needed to receive His own Spirit from Stephen.

You can stop throwing out dumb questions based on your own private interpretations of scripture (where you do not even bother to add the verse references).

Speed-reading down your list, it seems as though most of the other sentences are speaking about God's Spirit, but I'm not going to answer the rest of the above question because I'm not going to read each and every sentence to see whose spirit is being spoken of - and you do not even bother to quote the verse references.

You're a joke, and it's a waste of time. You're welcome to waste someone else's time with questions like that. ​

 

[Philip James]

The data in the gospels refers to those who lived before there were Christians.

You can make excuses to ignore Jesus' words..I cannot..

Maranatha

 

[Zao is life]

I think you’re confused.

Although the birth of the Christian Church was described in Acts 2 – the historical consensus is that the letters of Paul were written first (around 48-64 AD).

These letters WERE written to Christians. Acts of the Apostles, written by Luke didn’t come until AGTER the first Gospel was written, which is widely accepted as the Gospel of Mark.

I love it when I see Roman Catholics defending the Bible and the plain and simple historical facts